(1) Cells are partially fixed, lysed, and then extensively washed such that all cytoplasm and nucleoplasm are removed.(2) In this paper we describe the tracking of single proteins in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of mammalian cells.(3) However, thermodynamic driving forces may indeed arise in experiments, as the result of chemical potential and/or concentration gradients between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm .(4) In young animals, the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of most cells was smooth and uniform.(5) Indeed, RpL5 has been shown to specifically bind 5S rRNA and transport it from the nucleoplasm to the nucleolus for assembly into the 60S ribosomal subunit.
